Class Stuff
- Computers: Assignments will often require a computer
My Background
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What is this course?
Primarily:
- connecting things we care about (fish/wildlife/habitat) with sampling principles
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What is this course?
A mix of…
- Sampling principles
- Design-based inference
- Math / notation
- R coding
What is this course?
Important Concepts and Terminology
For example,
Questions for you…
Name and short background
Motivation for taking this course?
Experience with the R programming language
One vision of an ideal job, research project, study animal, or study location.
Assessment
| Course Engagement |
10% |
| Assignments |
25% |
| Quizzes |
25% |
| Tests |
20% |
| Project |
20% |
Course Learning Objectives
Upon successful completion of this course students will be able to:
Identify different types of sampling designs and understand when to apply them
Understand statistical estimators and their properties
Frame a fish and wildlife sampling design problem and apply appropriate statistical tools to estimate parameters of interest in accordance with the selected design.
Be able to use fundamental code practices in the R programming language.
Software
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Why learn to code?
- efficiency
- transparency
- flexibility in application
- shareable
- marketable skill
- needed for publications
Why use R?
- open-source and free
- small total user base / large in ecology and statistics
- find help online, e.g., stackoverflow
- data management
- statistics
- plotting / graphics
Statistics in the Modern Age
"The theory and practice of computer-age statistics are, for the most part, a case of new wine in old bottles: The fundamental tenets of good
statistical thinking have not changed, but their implementation has."
- Cox and Efron, Sci. Adv. 2017;3: e1700768.
Coding in the Modern Age
Software changes all the time
Code will become obsolete
Base R functions change slower than packages
Document/Annotate code and publish it online
File management is important!
Teaching Philosophy
Learning is a choice (in every moment)
An inclusive environment is paramount for learning
Communication is everything
Everyone has something to teach and something to learn
Struggle is good. Solving problems leads to learning. But….
Questions
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A ‘Sample’
Brook trout habitat in rivers of Massachusetts
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A finite part of a target population whose properties are studied to gain information about the whole (i.e., to infer or gain inference).
A ‘Sample’
Brook trout habitat in rivers of Massachusetts
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A selection of rivers (sample) to measure habitat characteristics (e.g. gravel beds) to be used to infer about habitat in all of the state.
Not Sampling
Piping plovers nesting at Watch Hill, RI
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Census: a complete enumeration of a target population
Sampling
The process of selecting a representative part of the population for the purpose of determining characteristics of the target population.
Why do we need to sample?
- logistically/physically prohibitive
- fiscally prohibitive / waste of time and money
- timeliness
- sampling may be destructive
Central paradox of sampling
Impossible to know whether a sample is ‘good’ (i.e., representative of the target)
The sample itself cannot tell us - only the process
Given exact same sample, we treat it differently depending on how it was selected.
A sample from a reliable process has credentials
How have you used sampling?
